Electron Microscope Essay Example For Students

Electron Microscope Essay The electron magnifying instrument, instrument that created the primary amplified picture demonstrating three-dimensional and exceptionally amplified picture of a little article. It coordinates a light emission as opposed to light through an example. The light emission is made from an electron weapon. This bar at that point goes through the length of the magnifying lens chamber, which contains the focal points, the example chamber, and the picture recording framework. Two kinds of electron focal points are utilized, electrostatic and electromagnetic. They make electric and electromagnetic fields to both concentrate and move the shaft. The electron magnifying instrument necessitates that the electron pillar be in a vacuum, since electrons can't go far in air at air pressure. Siphons void the section and example office of the electron magnifying lens. Living examples can't be inspected with an electron magnifying instrument, since they won't make due in a vacuum. The amplification in attractive electron magnifying instruments is dictated by the quality of the flow going through the electric and electromagnetic focal point loops. Changing the current through the target focal point curl centers the picture. In the optical magnifying lens the picture is controlled by ingestion of light by the example; in the electron magnifying instrument the picture results from a dispersing of electrons by molecules of the example. Since a molecule, with a high nuclear number, have a bigger number of electrons than a light iota, it seems darker. As the bar goes through an example, each little contrasts in the structure of the example causes a variety in the electron stream. The picture delivered is then anticipated onto a fluorescent screen or recorded on film. The electron magnifying lens, with its huge settling power, can amplify examples more than multiple times.

On The Sidewalk Bleeding Essay

On the Sidewalk Bleeding â€Å"On the Sidewalk Bleeding†, by Evan Hunter is an anecdote about a kid from a posse, getting killed in a dim back street, by individuals from the opponent pack. It is written as an outsider looking in omniscient perspective. The story centers around the subject of acknowledgment of one’s genuine personality. This topic is portrayed with the assistance of a few scholarly gadgets, for example, imagery, to make profundity in the importance of the story, astute utilization of incongruity and portrayal components, which make lucidity in the perusers mind about the characters musings and circumstance. Imagery assumes a significant job in featuring the character’s acknowledgment of his actual way of life as the purple coat, which is the principle image in the story, speaks to marks put on individuals in the public eye. A youthful couple sees Andy in torment and the kid surges towards him however before long denies him help. â€Å"He saw the lettering on the coat at that point. THE ROYALS.† shows the explanation the couple would not like to get included. The coat being an image of prejudgment, decides the manner in which society sees Andy. The name on the coat characterizes him to the passers by and the individual inside doesn't make a difference to them. The Royals being composed on the coat makes the couple reevaluate the outcomes of helping him. Rather than asking him his name or what had occurred, they make a judgment that Andy must be risk and inconvenience, in light of the pack name on his coat. The coat, the image of bias, prompts his passing. Directly before he passes on â€Å"It appeared to be essential to him that he remove the purple jacket.† At this point he understands that he is kicking the bucket and should be known for who he truly is, rather than for the name on his coat. He comes to acknowledge in his last minutes, that his actual personality is his own name. Thus he attempts to remove the mark, actually and allegorically, that society has given to him. The expulsion of the coat represents Andy’s want and endeavor to dispose of the cliché mark of The Royals and the partiality that it brings along. Be that as it may, changing society’s sentiment isn't simple for Andy. This is seen when â€Å"He lay battling with the sparkling jacket.† The meaning here is appeared by the word ‘struggle’. It shows that he can't take off the coat as effectively, on the grounds that he is injured. Anyway the line recommends that, despite the fact that Andy frantically attempts to dispose of people’sâ influenced, partial perspective on taking a gander at him, he can't do so without any problem. This suggests the author’s conclusion that society’s preferential suppositions can't be handily gotten away, and that discar ding the names one obtains through their life, is a deep rooted battle. The coat being the image for such names and partiality, evacuating it shows Andy’s acknowledgment of his actual personality, clarifying that he currently needs to be known for who he truly is, wiping out any impact that the coat may have. Tracker utilizes incongruity to accentuate the difference between the character’s acknowledgment of his actual personality and society’s view of the character. This is demonstrated when perusers discover that â€Å"He felt alone.† It is amusing that he feels forlorn when the purpose behind his homicide is that he has a place with a pack. Having a place with an enormous posse which was clearly an extraordinary piece of his life, but then being forlorn while enduring, proposes that Andy comes to understood that over the long haul, he should remain solitary, characterized by his own uniqueness. He understands that ‘The Royals’ was only a name given to the group and it ought not, in any capacity, impact people’s assessment of him as an individual. Another case of incongruity can be found toward the finish of the story when â€Å"He was exceptionally near passing on when they discovered him, he didn't need them to state, â€Å"Oh, it’s a R oyal.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Royal.† Andy’s last wish is to be perceived as ‘Andy’ and not as ‘a Royal’. The way that he is very nearly passing causes perusers to accept that he will be allowed his withering wish. Be that as it may, toward the finish of the story, when cops locate his dead body, they do precisely what he is apprehensive they will do. Andy battles in his misery, to take off the coat trying to take out its impact, however at long last incidentally, the cop gets it and alludes to him as â€Å"A Royal.† The cop totally overlooks the way that his name is Andy and rehashes the title as he records it, underlining on the unexpected thought of society ignoring Andy’s kicking the bucket endeavors to be known as a person. Emotional incongruity is introduced when it is said that, â€Å"The coat was a moronic pointless thing†. The coat is depicted as negligible when, unexpectedly, the coat conveys colossal importance to society as depicted in the story, being the sole explanation of his passing. Had he not been wearing the coat, he would not have been denied help and wouldn’t have been shot in any case. In this circumstance, the perusers comprehend a totally extraordinary meaning of the coat contrasted with the character’sâ understanding of its motivation. The coat represents the prejudgment in the public eye to the perusers, while it apparently conveys no significance to Andy. Such utilization of incongruity all through the story persuades the peruser of Andy’s battle to acknowledge and be perceived for his actual character. The portrayal components utilized in the story, concentrating on Andy’s dynamic character, feature the subject of acknowledgment of one’s genuine personality. â€Å"Even in his agony, there had been a type of pride in realizing he was a Royal. Presently there was no pride at all.† shows the change in Andy’s thinking, when being cut. He has consistently felt pleased about being a piece of The Royals and had never envisioned this. Because of being ambushed only for being in the group, he presently comprehended the essentialness of being known for his actual personality instead of as an individual from the posse and felt no pride in wearing the title of ‘The Royals’ any longer. His character apparently has changed altogether as he advances from being absent and glad for the title to being loaded up with lament and hopelessness. In â€Å"Wondered why the thunders and the hops and the purple coat has consistently appeared to be so essential to him previously. Presently they appeared as though such little things in a world he was missing.† perusers comprehend that not just has Andy changed his mentality towards the coat and the title, yet in addition his point of view of the world has changed. From the start he is so glad and taken up by the way that he is a piece of a renowned pack, that he neglects to acknowledge or even notification different things on the planet. In the wake of lying on the walkway, biting the dust, he understands that there is substantially more to life than posse fights and coats with titles. It is seen that had he lived, he would have changed the manner in which he lived. His character changes from a materialistic, pleased adolescent to a progressively develop, mindful and insightful individual, urgent to live. Andy comes to question the significance of his title, â€Å"He was a Royal. There had been importance to the title†¦ he pondered about the significance. On the off chance that he passed on he was Andy. He was not a Royal.† Initially the coat means the world to Andy. He specifies how euphoric he was the point at which The Royals acknowledged him. He currently comprehended that it was all finished and that the title was presently worth nothing. He needed to be known as Andy when his demise. He himself was pleased with being A Royal and perceived himself as one. Anyway as he bites the dust, he understands t hat he was something beyond ‘A Royal’ and needed everybody to realize that. He was not any more pleased or beguiled by theâ title and valued his actual personality, which was his name. Andy’s character changes from numerous points of view through the course of the story, the fundamental change being perceiving the significance of his singularity, as he comprehends the preference that exists against the groups in the public arena. The portrayal components assist perusers with seeing this dynamic character, giving a superior comprehension of Andy’s acknowledgment of his actual personality. The subject of acknowledgment of one’s genuine personality is effectively introduced using imagery, incongruity and portrayal components. The coat represents the prejudgment in the public eye, denoting its evacuation as a defining moment in Andy’s revelation of his distinction. Incongruity shows the difference between the character’s changing emotions and the truth. Portrayal components depict the character as a powerful character that changes radically as far as considerations, emotions and point of view, before the finish of the story. These abstract gadgets assist perusers with understanding the subject of acknowledgment of one’s genuine personality.

Queuing Analysis/Sustainability Coursework - 1100 Words

Queuing Analysis/Sustainability (Coursework Sample) Content: Queuing Analysis/SustainabilityStudent's Name:Institutional Affiliation:The European Economic and social community together with the EU aim of making products ensuring positive view of a complete ban on planned obsolescence in them. Thus, this enhances a future with more job opportunities, improved consumer protection that in turn leads to a sustainable development. The EESC is currently providing opinions and advices on product duration and consumer details to check business ways to achieve the obsolescence state. The products made are bulbs burning after a stipulated period, batteries that run out after some time or clothes falling out of trend.The products are made to seize functioning within two to three years immediately the consumer buys, and the guarantee expires. Environmentally, the replacement of the items tends to use more energy and resources generating more waste and harmful pollutants into the ecosystem.The effect too alters weather and climate of the ar ea extending to the whole world as shown in the diagram of EESC below.Therefore, the EESC had to chose Spain Industry for regional monitoring because its one among the Euro area economies which offers benchmark of a specific industrial policy.Accounting practices have to nearly play a vital role to facilitate companies formulate sophisticated and sustainable services that may come up with organized interlinking and recognition of the financially viable environmental and social profits and expenses of the firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ actions and plans (Fries Hopwood, 2010).The products are normally manufactured {change it to active voice} by companies outside Europe, where the employees are being paid low. According to Mr. Harber, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"EESCs Consultative commission on Industrial changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ the more they make and repair from within is, the more there energy shall be needed and thus increase in pollution. However, obsolescence is never after shorter durability, but nature.Con sidering the case in the fashion industry, that is constructed around the consumer need for the latest and different styles but not lifespan of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s garments. However, turnover is rapidly trending, and new ways frequently designed to make the next person look ugly or old. Coming up with a genuine action, EESC plans to arrange the main European Round Table 2014 inclusive of all meaningful actors who will cover complete sectors with industry, supply, finance, consumer association and trade unions.They shall also ensure the event to be an open forum for EU citizensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ air out their views. The companies should stop generic defects within the products that terminate their durability as the EESC is ensuring. Mr. Libaert found out that, and he is advising the industries rather make good easier to repair products during distribution of replacement parts. On the other hand, consumers should be given the best details about a productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s duration. Hence, the committe e suggests an identifiable system that would guarantee minimum duration through extensive research done by companies.Producers too ought to cover the expense of recycling if their items have duration less than five years. By doing the labeling on consumers and engaging them in the government, regulation will boost their confidence towards technology. Considering the following diagram, as suggested by Yorgey (2008), it shows a summary of regulatory strategies was enacted.During authorization Post authorization * Environmental risk assessment * Monitoring requirements * Public release of information * Labeling * Identifiable genetic marker * Traceability * Consultation * Limited approvals Moreover, the economic development poses a great impact negatively to the environment since Europe usage of natural resources has increased for 50% over 30 years. Socially, drastic disposable of consumers wants, leads to buying of goods on credit thus many personal debts.Massive recycling tha t leads to pollution hampers public health. Both waste disposal and practice of exporting waste in EU greatly impacts water, submarines and thus public health in general. Unluckily, inbuilt defects erode consumer trust in firms. Importation of products with short lifetime is another problem in EU industries and so if done away with the challenges gives the companies courage to fight competition by perfectly including sustainability into practice. The role of EESC helps improve the courage in the European business though EESC according to Mr. Libaert has a need to drive EU towards an economic transition which is stable.The mode of transportation according to Keravnos Energy in industries is chargeable electric vehicles because it leads to both environmental free pollution Country and economic sustainability. They are also fast charging thus faster transportation minimizing delay and queuing. When consumer demand is low, the batteries can store energy and used when demand higher. T hus, the expense of not only host but also fast charging station is minimized. The National Air transport system together with EU has developed new advanced technology to the growing up economy (Gale, 1989).During pick period in, for example, the theory of queuing must be applied because in an economy recourses are limited and must be shared. For instance, the receiving dockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s arrival time is 7am to 3pm; averagely, number of arrivals each day being 28.That means unloaded tracks per hour are 4.2.Thus, for there to be a steadi... Queuing Analysis/Sustainability Coursework - 1100 Words Queuing Analysis/Sustainability (Coursework Sample) Content: Queuing Analysis/SustainabilityStudent's Name:Institutional Affiliation:The European Economic and social community together with the EU aim of making products ensuring positive view of a complete ban on planned obsolescence in them. Thus, this enhances a future with more job opportunities, improved consumer protection that in turn leads to a sustainable development. The EESC is currently providing opinions and advices on product duration and consumer details to check business ways to achieve the obsolescence state. The products made are bulbs burning after a stipulated period, batteries that run out after some time or clothes falling out of trend.The products are made to seize functioning within two to three years immediately the consumer buys, and the guarantee expires. Environmentally, the replacement of the items tends to use more energy and resources generating more waste and harmful pollutants into the ecosystem.The effect too alters weather and climate of the ar ea extending to the whole world as shown in the diagram of EESC below.Therefore, the EESC had to chose Spain Industry for regional monitoring because its one among the Euro area economies which offers benchmark of a specific industrial policy.Accounting practices have to nearly play a vital role to facilitate companies formulate sophisticated and sustainable services that may come up with organized interlinking and recognition of the financially viable environmental and social profits and expenses of the firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ actions and plans (Fries Hopwood, 2010).The products are normally manufactured {change it to active voice} by companies outside Europe, where the employees are being paid low. According to Mr. Harber, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"EESCs Consultative commission on Industrial changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ the more they make and repair from within is, the more there energy shall be needed and thus increase in pollution. However, obsolescence is never after shorter durability, but nature.Con sidering the case in the fashion industry, that is constructed around the consumer need for the latest and different styles but not lifespan of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s garments. However, turnover is rapidly trending, and new ways frequently designed to make the next person look ugly or old. Coming up with a genuine action, EESC plans to arrange the main European Round Table 2014 inclusive of all meaningful actors who will cover complete sectors with industry, supply, finance, consumer association and trade unions.They shall also ensure the event to be an open forum for EU citizensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ air out their views. The companies should stop generic defects within the products that terminate their durability as the EESC is ensuring. Mr. Libaert found out that, and he is advising the industries rather make good easier to repair products during distribution of replacement parts. On the other hand, consumers should be given the best details about a productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s duration. Hence, the committe e suggests an identifiable system that would guarantee minimum duration through extensive research done by companies.Producers too ought to cover the expense of recycling if their items have duration less than five years. By doing the labeling on consumers and engaging them in the government, regulation will boost their confidence towards technology. Considering the following diagram, as suggested by Yorgey (2008), it shows a summary of regulatory strategies was enacted.During authorization Post authorization * Environmental risk assessment * Monitoring requirements * Public release of information * Labeling * Identifiable genetic marker * Traceability * Consultation * Limited approvals Moreover, the economic development poses a great impact negatively to the environment since Europe usage of natural resources has increased for 50% over 30 years. Socially, drastic disposable of consumers wants, leads to buying of goods on credit thus many personal debts.Massive recycling tha t leads to pollution hampers public health. Both waste disposal and practice of exporting waste in EU greatly impacts water, submarines and thus public health in general. Unluckily, inbuilt defects erode consumer trust in firms. Importation of products with short lifetime is another problem in EU industries and so if done away with the challenges gives the companies courage to fight competition by perfectly including sustainability into practice. The role of EESC helps improve the courage in the European business though EESC according to Mr. Libaert has a need to drive EU towards an economic transition which is stable.The mode of transportation according to Keravnos Energy in industries is chargeable electric vehicles because it leads to both environmental free pollution Country and economic sustainability. They are also fast charging thus faster transportation minimizing delay and queuing. When consumer demand is low, the batteries can store energy and used when demand higher. T hus, the expense of not only host but also fast charging station is minimized. The National Air transport system together with EU has developed new advanced technology to the growing up economy (Gale, 1989).During pick period in, for example, the theory of queuing must be applied because in an economy recourses are limited and must be shared. For instance, the receiving dockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s arrival time is 7am to 3pm; averagely, number of arrivals each day being 28.That means unloaded tracks per hour are 4.2.Thus, for there to be a steadi...

Ho Chi Minh and Vietnam Essay - 481 Words

Ho Chi Minh, Politics, and North Vietnam North Vietnam, September 2, 1945, Ho Chi Minh declared independence from France. Ho Chi Minhs Independence Day was marked with a new constitution and a new name, The Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Hos speech on the day of Vietnamese Independence was one of freedom, freedom against French domination. Inspiration of Hos speech was one from American history and history has a tendency to repeat itself. Like the very past of America and Europe, French rule did not grant Vietnamese Independence and war broke out. Ho grew up knowing at the young age of fifteen that the French were only in Vietnam to attack Indo-china once power was established, even though he was still young he told students†¦show more content†¦In knowing this Ho talked with Communists on Marx Mountain and discussed a campaign to make Vietnam independent. Upon conversing with the Marxist Communists, Ho started to trust the politics which prevailed many third world countries of that era. Even with nine days spend on-top the Marx Mountain and strategies discussed many problems still awaited Ho. The neighboring country China was soon to throw a wrench in Hos plan, they arrested him on the charge of being a French spy. After being moved around from prison to prison in China it was rumored that Ho Chi Minh had died. This was not so, he was set free by the Chinese government under the condition that he and his Vietnamese followers would help in the war against Japan. Once Japan was defeated with the help of America Ho Chi Minh was made Supreme Political Advisor, he now controlled what he had always wanted, all of Vietnam. With the American constitution as a reference point Ho gave his famous speech of Independence for all of Vietnam. It was said by Ho himself that A people who have courageously opposed French domination for more than eighty years, a people who have fought side by side with the Allies against the Fascists during these last few years - such a people must be free and independent., this statement sums up all that Ho had worked to achieve, but hisShow MoreRelatedHo Chi Minh and The Vietnam War2039 Words   |  9 Pages The declaration of Vietnamese independence made by Ho Chi Minh in 1945 served as a milestone in what was a century-old struggle against foreign control. In its history Vietnam had spent 1000 years under control of the Chinese and had resisted this control vehemently. Revolts and rebellions against China finally lead to Vietnamese independence in the tenth century. In the thirteenth century the Vietnamese drove back Kublai Khan three times under the leadership Dao. Tran Hu ng Dao not only led theRead MoreHo Chi Minh And The Vietnam War1644 Words   |  7 PagesThere are figures in the Vietnam War, and maybe in all of history, that merit consideration as much as North Vietnamese pioneer Ho Chi Minh. In the same way, as other Vietnamese regular citizen that partook in the Vietnam War, Ho Chi Minh grew up under French royal run the show. Amid his youth, pre-adulthood, and adulthood, Ho saw the genuine harming impacts colonialism had on his nation. Disappointed with French dominion and European communism, Ho Chi Minh tried to build up a political rationalityRead MoreHo Chi Minh s Influence On The Country Of Vietnam987 Words   |  4 Pagespersistent, Ho Chi Minh s influence led to Vietnamese independence and forced major world powers to rethink military aggression against small, underdeveloped nations. Hailing from a family of well educated dissidents, his origin would form the ethics and idealism that defined his influence on the country of Vietnam. 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He was able to allege his people well, not only by using the Ahupua’a system, butRead MoreLeadership Styles of Ho Chi Minh and Ngo Dinh Diem Essay871 Words   |  4 Pageshistory for Vietnam all began in Geneva, Switzerland during the year 1954 in the Geneva Conference. The Geneva Accords both put an end to the Indochina War and set in motion the divide of territory in Vietnam. The Geneva Accord was an obligatory agreement stating Vietnam was to be separated at the 17th parallel, a line of separation, into two distinct territories. Vietnam was now separated into North and South Vietnam, the communist north and the south, which was anti-communist. Ho Chi Minh controlled

Profiling in Law Enforcement - 751 Words

The term profiling is defined as â€Å"the use of personal characteristics or behavior patterns to make a generalization about a person†; therefore, this refers to gender profiling. The second part of the definition also states the â€Å"use of these characteristics to determine whether a person may be engaged in illegal activity† refers to what is called racial profiling (Dictionary.com, n.d.). Profiling has been used within in law enforcement for a number of years, as it provides informational analysis for solving crimes, but unfortunately over time, profiling has become the focus of race and ethnicity. The intent of profiling was designed as a legitimate tool for law enforcement to utilize for positive reasons, but to understand why profiling has been given such a negative outlook; it must be understood that profiling can either be proactive or reactive in its use. The idea of proactive profiling is representative of making judgments about another, relative to possible criminal activity. The factors of a person’s race, manner of dress, grooming, behavioral characteristics, and the circumstances surrounding the observation of these factors plays a role in proactive profiling (Ibe, Ochie, Obiyan, 2013, p. 184). When law enforcement officials profile criminals, this valuable tool is used to focus on such things as traits and characteristics, personality, and behavior. Once the underlying factors are discovered, this information becomes divided into specific categories forShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling And The Law Enforcements1418 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review This paper outlines the studies, incidents, facts and statistics that have found evidence of racial profiling which causes distrust in the law enforcements (police, government etc0. 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Numerous approaches can be offered for this process, but profiling is a common tactic that has aided law enforcementRead MoreEssay on Racial Profiling by Law Enforcement is Not Justified106 3 Words   |  5 PagesWhen we are children we are taught not to judge a book by its cover, for most of us this is easier said than done. Racial profiling is something that affects millions of people in the United States alone. Seemingly innocent people are being targeted solely by the color of their skin and their nationality. Whether racial profiling somebody is appropriate or not is a topic widely discussed by individuals everywhere. The question is however, is it right to judge somebody just because they look differentRead MoreRacial Profiling by Law Enforcement is Unjustifiable Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagesway people perceive other individuals. Racial profiling, a term used more frequently when dealing with law enforcement, is defined as â€Å"any action undertaken for reasons of safety, security or public protection that relies on stereotypes about race, colour, ethnicity, ancestry, religion, or place of origin rather than on reasonable suspicion, to single out an individ ual for greater scrutiny or different treatment† (CBC). An analysis of racial profiling in Marita Golden’s After reveals aspects of invalidRead MoreRacial Profiling Is A Threat Law Enforcement Tool Essay2119 Words   |  9 PagesOne issue that has been prevalent throughout the world in policing is racial profiling. This issue is highly controversial across the world because there are many people who believe racial profiling is a legitimate law enforcement tool, but there are just as many people who believe racial profiling is pure racism. Racial Profiling is using someone’s racial or ethnic characteristics to suspect someone of committing or is going to commit a crime. Since our society isn’t all just one specific type of

Bed Bath and Beyond Capital Structure Decision (HBR Case Study) free essay sample

StockmarketIntroduction Bed Bath Beyond (BBBY) was founded in 1971 by Warren Eisenberg and Leonard Feinstein. BBBY held its initial public offering in June 1992, on the NASDAQ exchange. The company utilizes the â€Å"big box† retail concept and focuses its product offerings around domestics merchandise and home furnishings. Since its IPO BBBY has been favored by equity investors and long considered one of the best performing retail companies. They have never missed an earnings estimate and have experienced a fortyfold increase in stock price from the original $17 per share IPO. The company introduced its ?  rst superstore in 1985 and have since underwent large scale expansion operating 575 stores by the end of the ? scal year 2003. BBBY also owned and operated 30 Harmon stores and 24 Christmas Tree Shops stores by 2003. (See appendix four for SWOT analysis) The Problem Bed Bath Beyond has always conducted business under the old fashioned premise that â€Å"cash is king, a nd debt is bad†. As of late their capital structure has become a big issue amongst investors. They are concerned that the current unlevered structure is not maximizing value and are wary of the risks associated with the companies large and growing cash balances. Currently BBBY is facing the issue of trying to decide wether their current capital structure is optimal moving into the future, and if not, what decisions they need to make to achieve optimization. The following analysis will outline the key factors in? uencing this decision and ultimately suggest a course of action. Case 2: Bed Bath Beyond page | 1 Case Analysis Capital Structure BBBY? s capital structure is not optimal, as BBBY has a large cash position and they do not issue any debt nor do they pay any dividends during their operation. MM proposition I states that the value of ?  m is independent to its capital structure and therefore the mix between debt and equity is irrelevant. However assumptions under the MM proposition are unrealistic in the real world, so the idea that an optimal capital structure is unattainable is discarded. Achieving the optimal capital structure depends on the mixture of debt to equity, depending on the amount of debt, it can help maximize the value of the ? rm while minimizing WACC. Another reason BBBY should consider taking on some debt is that they have more than enough cash to cover their expenses. Issuing debt can act as a positive signal to investors that they are able to make timely payments and are ? nancially stable. The tradeoff theory of capital structure states that a value-maximizing ? rm will balance the value of interest tax shields and other bene? ts of debt against the costs of bankruptcy and other costs of debt, to determine an optimal level of leverage for the ? rm (KISGEN, 2006). One potential reason why BBBY may not be taking advantage of the tax shields could be that they want to stay ? exible in the industry and avoid costs of ?nancial distress. According to Exhibit 8 from the case, Pro Forma 2003 of BBBY with 40% debt to total capital, the interest coverage ratio is 22. 519 ($644,836/28,635) and the debt to equity ratio is around 66. 67% ($636,328/954,492), which coincides with AA credit rating and the default rate, which Case 2: Bed Bath Beyond page | 2 is 1. 31% (Exhibit 7A). From Exhibit 2 in the case, we can ? nd BBBY? s total assets on Feb. 29, 2004 ar e $2,865,023 and taking the value of 15% and the bankruptcy cost for BBBY is approximately $5629. 8 (Heitor Almeida, 2004). Meanwhile, from Exhibit 8, the taxes on Pro Forma 2003 is $237,237, which is $12,838 ($250,075-237,237) less than actual 2003, which results in the tax bene? t generated from issuing debt is -$15,797 ($12,838-28,635). It is obvious to conclude that, with the implication of tradeoff theory, the pro forma 40% debt to total capital in 2003 is not the optimal leverage ratio for BBBY. The pecking order theory argues that ? rms will generally prefer not to issue equity due to asymmetric information costs. Firms will prefer to fund projects ? rst with internal funds and then with debt, and only when internal funds have been extinguished and a ?rm has reached its debt capacity will a ? rm issue equity (KISGEN, 2006). In 2003 10-K, BBBY management con? rmed itscommitment to ongoing expansion and stated its intention to use internally generated funds to ? Nance its expansion, which clearly implies pecking order theory is rooted in BBBY capital structure, and is the reason why BBBY keeps a large cash position (Artur Raviv, 2007). Agency Theory Costs Keeping a large sum of money on hand may be advantageous in uncertain economic conditions, and ? nancial crises. However, this can lead to potential con?ict between managers who do not act in the interest of shareholders, such as empire building and over-investment problems. Debt helps discipline management because they must pay interest payments or risk bankrupting of the ? rm. It also helps reduce Case 2: Bed Bath Beyond page | 3 wasteful investments as manager have less cash on hand to invest, in other words managers must be careful how they use the money of the ? rm. Debt creates a con? ict of interest between the shareholders and creditors though, such as the possibility of expropriating wealth from creditors to shareholders and the underinvestment problem so this must be monitored. The Cost of Financial Distress Debt BBBY? s current cost of ? nancial distress is essentially zero because they have no debt on their books. The bond class default rate of AAA bonds to BBB bonds, 0. 52% and 6. 64% respectively, were used to estimate default rates based on different capital structures. The most problematic key ratio on the list is BBBY? s â€Å"operating income to sales† at roughly 14%, which is low for the industry (see Appendix one for more details), and the highest and most consistent ratio was their EBIT and EBITDA interest coverage ratios, which are considered to be the two most important ratios. With this in mind, the default rates outlined (see Appendix one) should be a close estimate of what BBBY would face when they take on debt. Direct costs associated with ? nancial distress are historically small. The indirect costs, such as loss of suppliers, customer, and leases can be quite substantial. Using the high side of an industry estimate, 20% of total assets, to reasonably account for what BBBY could lose due to ? nancial distress. For the optimal D/E ratio of 0. 60 we have a present value of ? nancial distress equal to $127,432,000 and a present value of tax shield of $400,362,000. As we move to a higher D/E ratio we see the marginal cost of ? nancial distress and marginal bene? t of the tax shield converge. Case 2: Bed Bath Beyond page | 4 Repurchasing Shares The decision to repurchase shares and take on debt is overall positive news to the shareholder? s. They will receive a special repurchase capital gain and enjoy an increased upside on returns due to the increased beta of the company. The total capital structure of the company shifts from being totally equity funded to being 38% Debt and 62% Equity ($600 Million and $990 Million respectively). This also improves the WACC from 33. 75% to 28. 85% (see Appendix one), which will allow Bed Bath and Beyond to take on lower positive NPV projects and increase their options. Earnings per share (Appendix two) will improve due to the share buyback and the net income reducing effect of the new interest expense. Return on assets also improves due to the reduction in cash used to fund the share repurchase. The overall value of the ? rm will improve as the new tax shields that were generated outweigh the cost of ? nancial distress that faces them, from taking on the 600 million in debt. In Conclusion We would suggest Bed Bath Beyond do a mixture of two things: 1) Issue debt in the amount of 600 million dollars 2) Hold a one-time share repurchase of 1 billion dollars (approximately 27 million shares) ? nanced by 400 million in cash and 600 million from the proceeds of the debt issue. 3) Assume an optimal capital structure of 60% debt/equity. It is our belief that this will be the best method for BBBY moving into the future. The one time large scale share buyback would improve the WACC and boost the EPS by decreasing the amount of shares outstanding. The market value of the ? rm would Case 2: Bed Bath Beyond page | 5 increase and at the 60% ratio the value of the tax shield gained by issuing debt will far outweigh the cost of ? nancial distress. (See Appendix Three) Their old way of making ? nancial decisions has served them well in the past and has consistently made BBBY one of the top performing retail companies. But as times change businesses must adapt and evolve to meet demands of markets and investors. Case 2: Bed Bath Beyond page | 6 Works Cited Artur Raviv, T. T. (2007, 4 1). Bed Bath Beyond: The Capital Structure Decision.

Studying English Language Essay Example

Studying English Language Essay 1. Studying English language in an English-speaking country is the best but not the only way to learn the language. Do you agree or disagree with this statement. Some people believe that the students have to go abroad to study English while other people claim that beside learning English in an English-speaking country, there are a number of ways to study this language. I am strongly persuaded by the latter idea by the following reasons. First of all, it cannot be denied that learning English in an English-speaking country have many advantages. While overseas, students will have opportunities to practice listening and speaking with British people, which is conducive to the development in using language. Moreover, by dint of living in foreign countries, students can also experience the culture first-hand (have first-hand experience in foreign culture), which is a great help when trying to understand the language. For example, living with the native family will provide the students opportunities to discover about new cultures and customs. Besides this, if student attend language full time, teachers will be native speakers. In that case, not only will student’ speaking and listening skills improve but the attention can be given to develop reading and writing skills. However, the fact has shown that, most students in non-English-speaking countries often study English at secondary schools, sometimes at universities. Although the spoken English is not usually of a very high standard, the knowledge in grammar is often quite advanced, which will be good basics to perfect language ability in the future. It is obvious that the more technical science upgraded the more ways students can approach the knowledge worldwide without going abroad. We will write a custom essay sample on Studying English Language specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Studying English Language specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Studying English Language specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Equally important, learning English basics at secondary school is much less stressful than studying language while overseas. The statistics have shown that students’ living at home does not have to worry about troubles such as finding accommodation, paying for their study and living cost and trying to survive in a foreign country where day to day the living course much stress. In brief, while going abroad is a good way to approach the native language, studying at home also become more and more useful to enhance the English abilities especially in the basic skills.